Adventures in the Critical Zone: from carbon fluxes to wildfires
Date:
Lecture / Seminar
Time: 10:00
Location: https://weizmann.zoom.us/j/7621438333?pwd=c0lpdlQzYSthellXWG9rZnM0ZDRFZz09
Lecturer: Antonello Provenzale
Organizer: Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Details:
Abstract: The Hadley circulation is a key element of the climate system. It is traditional ... Read more The Hadley circulation is a key element of the climate system. It is traditionally defined as the zonally averaged meridional circulation in the tropics, therefore treated as a zonally symmetric phenomenon. However, differences in temperature between land and sea cause zonal asymmetries on Earth, dramatically affecting the circulation. This longitudinal dependence of the meridional circulation evokes questions about where and when the actual large scale tropical circulation occurs. Here, we look into the connection between the longitudinally dependent meridional circulation, and the actual large scale transport of air in the tropics using a coupled Eulerian and Lagrangian approach. Decomposing the velocity field into rotational and divergent components, we identify how each component affects the actual circulation. We propose an alternative definition for the circulation, that describes the actual path of air parcels in the tropics, as a tropical atmospheric conveyor belt. We further investigate this definition, analyzing the circulation under climate change and its effect on precipitation changes. We show that in order to predict future climate, the regionality and three-dimensionality of the large-scale tropical circulation must be taken into account. We find that the changes in the circulation vary significantly over longitude, and are overlooked when analyzing the zonally averaged meridional circulation. The circulation is strengthening and expanding in the center of the Pacific, a region where the circulation barely existed in past. On the other hand, the circulation is weakening in the Indo-Pacific region, where it was the most significant in the past. These differences appear as a shift in the region of ascent of the conveyor belt, that is revealed when analyzing the decomposed vertical wind. The pattern of weakening of the ascent in the Indo-Pacific and strengthening in the center of the Pacific explains the projected changes in precipitation. The Indo-Pacific region is drying, while the precipitation in the center of the Pacific is intensifying.Close abstract
